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India’s defence modernisation programme faces a complex intersection of fiscal constraints, technological dependencies, and evolving threat environments on two active fronts — the Line of Actual Control with China and the Line of Control with Pakistan. Key priorities for 2026: Air Power: The IAF’s squadron strength remains below authorised levels. The Rafale induction has progressed […]

The disengagement process along the Line of Actual Control following the 2020 Galwan clash has progressed at certain friction points, but the fundamental strategic competition between India and China continues to intensify. China’s infrastructure buildup in Tibet — roads, rail, villages, military installations — has permanently altered the strategic geography. India’s response through its own

Pakistan’s ongoing economic crisis — characterised by IMF dependency, currency collapse, energy shortages, and political instability — has direct security implications for India that go beyond conventional threat assessment. A destabilised Pakistan is not necessarily a safer neighbourhood for India. History shows that Pakistani military establishments under economic pressure have used cross-border tensions and proxy

Having served through multiple counter-insurgency operations across India’s conflict zones — from the Northeast to Jammu and Kashmir — certain strategic and tactical lessons emerge that remain relevant for contemporary security challenges. Lesson 1 — Population-centric operations win. Every successful counter-insurgency campaign in India has ultimately rested on separating the population from the insurgents, not