India’s defence modernisation programme faces a complex intersection of fiscal constraints, technological dependencies, and evolving threat environments on two active fronts — the Line of Actual Control with China and the Line of Control with Pakistan.
Key priorities for 2026:
Air Power: The IAF’s squadron strength remains below authorised levels. The Rafale induction has progressed but the MRFA tender for 114 additional fighters remains unresolved. Indigenous LCA Tejas production timelines need acceleration.
Land Forces: Mountain Strike Corps capacity enhancement for the China front is a priority. Integration of surveillance technology, drones, and precision munitions into infantry operations requires urgent attention.
Naval Expansion: INS Vikrant’s operational induction has strengthened India’s maritime posture. The submarine fleet modernisation — both conventional and nuclear — is critical for deterrence.
Defence Manufacturing: The Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative has shown early results but dependency on Russian platforms and spare parts remains a vulnerability highlighted by the Ukraine conflict’s disruption of global supply chains.